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Rural poverty in the Sudan
Poverty in the Sudan is deeply entrenched and is largely rural. Poverty particularly affects farmers who practise rainfed agriculture. It is more widespread and deeper in rural areas in southern Sudan and in areas affected by conflict, drought and famine.
The incidence of poverty varies considerably according to region, in part because economic growth has been unevenly distributed, but also because of the economic and social devastation caused by the conflict in certain parts of the country. There are severe inequalities in terms of access to education, sanitation and clean water, infrastructure and natural resources, income opportunities, justice and political protection.
Although sustained economic growth was behind a decline in extreme poverty from 85 per cent in the 1990s to an estimated 60 per cent at present, important regional disparities still exist. The Sudan remains a low-income, food-deficit country. It ranks 147th on the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Index (2007/2008), among 177 countries.
In the country’s poorest areas, the rapidly growing population, including displaced people and returnees, puts significant pressure on already fragile ecosystems. Erosion, loss of soil fertility and damage to watersheds are affecting resources. Agricultural productivity is low. Farmers face the impact of the effects of climate change, such as water scarcity, on their livelihoods. Volatile food prices affect household food security.
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